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You may want to start educating yourself about the horrible disease of dementia, so you are better prepared for what lies ahead.
There is no predicting dementia at all. Some go for long periods of time without getting worse, some it's a gradual decline, and sometimes you see a sudden decline.
Have you read up on dementia, Google , books, there is a lot of information out there. I would start with Teepa Snow, on YouTube. If she doesn't help you there are plenty of other places to find more info
But more information would help us answer in a less generic way.
Best of luck
https://www.agingcare.com/topics/8/dementia-behaviors
There are medications that can slow the progression but they can not repair the damage already done nor will the medications stop the progression.
If you are talking about cognitive loss due to a concussion, the cognitive issues should lessen over time but it may take a year. And there may not be a complete return to the "baseline".
If the cognitive loss is due to a stroke that may also improve but the stroke may be due to Vascular dementia and if that is the case there may be many mini strokes that go unnoticed or undiagnosed. Vascular Dementia can worsen literally over night. It might be that the person was able to walk yesterday but can not walk today, or could feed themselves yesterday and not today.
Sometimes pain can make decline worse from lack of sleep or just the pain. And it can improve if you deal with the pain
"Over time, the disease causing the dementia spreads to other parts of the brain. This leads to more symptoms because more of the brain is unable to work properly. At the same time, already-damaged areas of the brain become even more affected, causing symptoms the person already has to get worse."
Below is from:
https://carehomeselection.co.uk/7-stages-signs-of-dementia-what-to-look-for/#:~:text=Stage%20seven%20is%20the%20final,dressing%2C%20bathing%2C%20and%20toileting.
Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) is an assessment tool used to determine which stage of dementia a person is experiencing. The tool is used as a rough outline to determine the best course of care or treatment for the person diagnosed with dementia. While not everyone will experience the same symptoms there is a 7-stage progression most individuals will follow.
These 7 stages are then categorised by 4 diagnosis, No dementia, early-stage dementia, mid-stage dementia and late-stage dementia.
No Dementia, Stages 1-3
Stage 1 – In this stage there are no signs of dementia. The person functions normally and there are no signs or symptoms.
Stage 2 – Very mild cognitive decline. In this stage people start to experience ‘normal’ forgetfulness. This is sign is normally associated with aging resulting in loved ones and professionals not noticing the underlining cause.
Stage 3 – Mild cognitive decline. In this stage, loved ones may begin to notice the increase in forgetfulness, difficulty in concentration and speech difficulty. This is the final stage in this category prior to the onset of dementia.
Early-Stage Dementia, Stage 4
Stage 4 – Early-stage dementia. In this stage, professionals can detect cognitive decline problems during a patient appointment. The person will begin to have trouble concentrating, performing daily tasks such as finances, increase in forgetfulness and memory issues.
Mid-Stage Dementia, Stages 5-6
Stage 5 – Moderately severe cognitive decline. In this stage, signs and symptoms will be easy to identify. The person will have major memory issues and they will now need assistance with daily living activities.
Stage 6 – Severe cognitive decline. In this stage the symptoms of dementia will be having a profound effect on the individual. They will start to forget names and have little memory of events or earlier memories. In this stage the individual will have personality/ emotional changes, bladder control issues and anxiety.
Late-Stage Dementia, Stage 7
Stage 7 – Very severe cognitive decline. Stage seven is the final stage of the dementia progression. At this stage, most people will have no ability to speak or communicate. They will require assistance with most daily activities including walking, dressing, bathing, and toileting. This stage requires 24-hour care and assistance.
Gena / Touch Matters
Lots of information available (on how the brain changes due to dementia).
You might want to buy a book. Or call
See this website:
https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/symptoms-and-diagnosis/how-dementia-progresses/symptoms-brain
In part, it says:
Vascular dementia
Vascular dementia has a wider and more variable range of symptoms than the other types of dementia. It is caused by a range of different diseases of the blood supply to the brain.
Sometimes vascular dementia follows a major stroke, in which a large area of tissue on one side of the brain dies because the blood supply is suddenly cut off. Symptoms are often seen in problems with planning, concentrating and thinking or memory. In addition, the person may be left with weakness down one side of the body or problems with vision or speech. With rehabilitation, some degree of recovery may be possible.
Vascular dementia can also follow several mini-strokes over time. Each mini-stroke creates a small patch of dead brain tissue, called an infarct, in the cortex. Early symptoms can be very specific to where the tissue is lost. For example, problems with episodic memory can be caused by an infarct in the hippocampus, and problems with executive function can be caused by an infarct in the frontal lobe.
A different kind of vascular dementia, called subcortical vascular dementia, follows disease of the small blood vessels deep in the brain. This disease often causes widespread damage to white matter beneath the cortex. These nerve fibres carry signals between different parts of the cortex, including the frontal lobes. A person with subcortical vascular dementia will therefore often have slowed thinking and problems with executive function.
Frontotemporal dementia
In all forms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the frontal and/or temporal lobes shrink. The different sub-types of FTD - which affect the person's behaviour and language - reflect different patterns of damage.
In behavioural variant FTD, the areas of the brain affected early on are in the frontal lobes.
Damage to the upper-middle surfaces of the frontal cortex is linked to becoming withdrawn and losing motivation.
Damage to the front under-surface is linked to losing inhibitions, meaning the person might make inappropriate comments, for example.
Damage to the frontal lobes may also mean the person repeats the same word, phrase or action over and over again. It is important to appreciate that none of these things are done by choice.
Gena / Touch Matters
Look at this website:
https://www.dementiasociety.org/
Dementia Society of America
In part, it says:
We are Here to Help --- Our programs bring much-needed education, local resources, and life enrichment to individuals and families impacted by Dementia.
We recognize Dementia caregivers and innovators and raise HOPE by spotlighting relevant research to discover cures and causes and encourage early detection and meaningful interventions.
Dementia Society of America is your volunteer-driven 501(c)(3) nonprofit charity serving the nation for all causes of Dementia, including:
Alzheimer's (AD), late & young-onset
Vascular Dementia
Mixed Dementia
Lewy Body Dementia (LBD)
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
CTE, TBI, NPH, HIV, L.A.T.E. & others...
Do you need basic Dementia information?_________________
As a Voluntary Health Organization, we focus broadly on all forms of Dementia, sometimes also referred to medically as Major Neurocognitive Disorders (NCD). We have collected top resources from across the country and around the globe for you! We're like a Dementia association, Dementia foundation, and Brain Health resource center - all rolled into one. The Dementia Society of America is here for everyone.
Sign up for their newsletter________________________
Subscribe to Monthly eNews - By sharing these resources, we bring HOPE through education about what Dementia is and what it isn't and help people who live with Dementia continue to lead meaningful lives and support their care partners.
Gena / Touch Matters
Now alas, things are not the same. We cherish happy moments and invest effort to help steer the ship on course. It's been 6 years now and if only I'd keep myself happy and active, whihc is hard in these parts lately, I believe we can have lots of fun still.